Library · Biology & lab methods

What Transient Transfection got wrong, from 64 theses

Summary written by a model from the records below: The records evaluate transient transfection protocols across diverse cell types and nucleic acid delivery platforms, identifying common points where the method underperforms or fails. Researchers frequently encounter barriers including primary cell resistance, severe cytotoxicity, delivery vehicle inefficiency compared to established benchmarks, and expression variability that prompts adoption of stable integration or viral vectors. These records come from graduate theses, 2021 to 2026, each labeled with its degree where the repository states it, and each links to its thesis. They were extracted by language models reading the full text, so treat each as a lead to read, not a verdict.

64
theses
19
institutions
68
failure records
7
failure modes

Plus 8 problems the authors left open, listed at the end.

Failure modes, by theses reporting them

Select a mode to jump to its records.

Resistance and poor delivery efficiency in primary and hard to transfect cell types
12
12 theses · 5 institutions · 12 records
Severe cytotoxicity and loss of cell viability caused by transfection reagents or physical delivery
9
9 theses · 7 institutions · 9 records
Engineered synthetic nanocarriers and novel formulations underperforming standard transfection reagents
10
10 theses · 7 institutions · 11 records
High expression heterogeneity and transient signal decay favoring stable integration or viral delivery
10
10 theses · 8 institutions · 10 records
Alternative physical and microfluidic delivery platforms failing to match conventional benchmarks
9
9 theses · 7 institutions · 10 records
Ineffective multi plasmid cotransfection and complex construct architectures reducing expression or titer
8
8 theses · 6 institutions · 8 records
Naked unformulated or degraded nucleic acid cargo failing to achieve functional delivery
7
7 theses · 5 institutions · 8 records

Resistance and poor delivery efficiency in primary and hard to transfect cell types

12 theses · 5 institutions

Standard lipid reagents and chemical transfection formulations routinely produce minimal or undetectable expression when applied to primary cells and specialized lineages. Investigators frequently abandon transient chemical approaches in these challenging targets in favor of viral transduction or specialized electroporation.

Tried and failed

lipid- and polymer-based chemical transfection applied to monocytic cell lines. Outcome: worse than baseline. Reason: ineffective transfection efficiency compared to specialized cationic nanoparticle reagent

The mode of action and role of cGMP-mediated gene transcription in macrophages · Imperial · PhD

Tried and failed

lipid-based chemical transfection applied to primary human cardiac fibroblasts. Reason: yielded extremely low transfection efficiency of less than 5 percent in primary cells

The role of small open reading frames in myocardial fibrosis and genetic disease · Imperial · PhD

Tried and failed

electroporation-based plasmid transfection for gene reconstitution applied to knockout myeloid cell lines. Outcome: no signal. Reason: failed to achieve adequate expression levels compared to lentiviral transduction

The role of EROS in T cell biology · Imperial · PhD

Tried and failed

transposon transfection and antibiotic selection applied to primary endothelial cells. Reason: low transfection efficiency and antibiotic selection caused loss of primary cell morphology and differentiation

Developing a long-term microfluidic system to study the mesoscopic dynamics of Piezo1 activity · Imperial · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected conventional lipofectamine plasmid transfection for mature neurons due to very poor efficiency (<2.5% GFP+ cells), switching to rAAV viral delivery.

Optimizing RNA therapies for dementia and their delivery to disease models · University of Trento · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected standard Lipofectamine 2000 transfection for astrocytes due to poor transfection efficiency, switching to nucleofection and lentivirus instead

MicroRNA and Nrf2 pathway manipulation in human astrocytes: towards a therapeutic approach for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) · Nottingham · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected standard lipid transfection reagents (TransIT-LT1, jetPRIME, TransFectin) in primary myometrial cells in favour of adenoviral infection due to poor sensor expression and localization efficiency

Myometrial cyclic AMP function · Imperial · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected standard Lipofectamine 3000 transient transfection for KLHL41 in C2C12 cells due to very low expression, opting instead for retroviral transduction.

Deciphering the roles of Kelch-like proteins · Iowa State · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Lipid nanoparticles and electroporation for VSMC transfection (rejected due to low transfection efficiency; replaced with AAV2 serotype delivery).

The role of vascular smooth muscle Sirtuin-1 in aortic aneurysms · Boston University · Master's

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected lentiviral and plasmid/mRNA transfection methods for primary macrophages due to macrophage DNAse activity and low transfection efficiency.

Light microscopy applied to study defective macrophage phagocytosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · Imperial · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected direct chemical/lipid transfection of foregut monolayers due to cell packing and low (<10%) transfection efficiency in favour of stable inducible AAVS1 targeting in hiPSCs.

Deciphering the role of BMP4 signalling and gene regulation in the specification of human liver progenitor cells · Nottingham · PhD

Tried and failed

non-liposomal chemical transfection of siRNA applied to primary and immortalised myometrial cells. Outcome: no signal. Reason: failed to achieve reliable, effective target gene knockdown compared to electroporation

PKA and EPAC: cyclic AMP effectors in the regulation of myometrial inflammatory responses in parturition · Imperial · PhD

Severe cytotoxicity and loss of cell viability caused by transfection reagents or physical delivery

9 theses · 7 institutions

High concentrations of plasmid DNA, unshielded polycationic formulations, and lipid reagents trigger substantial apoptotic cell death and membrane damage across treated populations. Physical delivery methods such as electroporation also induce extensive toxicity in fragile cells, severely compromising experimental viability.

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected physical transfection methods (microinjection, electroporation, magnetoporation, laser-mediated transfection, biolistic particle delivery) for hiPSC-CMs due to poor cell viability, cytotoxicity, disruption of excitable membrane ion fluxes, and low throughput

Linking molecular targets to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using genome-edited human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes · Nottingham · PhD

Tried and failed

electroporation of miniature CRISPR plasmid vectors applied to primary fibroblast cells. Outcome: no signal. Reason: severe electroporation-induced cytotoxicity and undetectable plasmid transfection or reporter gene disruption

AAV TRANSDUCTION TRACING IN HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS BY TARGETED SCARRING OF GENOMIC SAFE HARBORS · Harvard · Master's

Tried and failed

polycationic nanoparticles lacking hydrophilic stealth coating applied to in vitro nucleic acid delivery. Outcome: worse than baseline. Reason: absence of PEG shielding caused severe cytotoxicity at low concentrations compared to standard transfection reagent

Polycationic nanoparticles for microRNA delivery in neuroblastoma · UT Austin · PhD

Tried and failed

Lipid-based siRNA transfection applied to suspension cell culture. Reason: reagent toxicity caused complete cell death even at reduced siRNA concentrations

Single cell analysis for applications in drug-target engagement and the study of clinically relevant samples · Imperial · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Lipofectamine 2000 showed slightly higher transfection efficiency in VX2 cells compared to lipopolyplexes, but exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity.

Knockdown of CRPV E6 and E7 Oncogenes Using Lipopolyplexes as Transfecting Reagents Knockdown of CRPV E6 and E7 Oncogenes Using Lipopolyplexes as Transfecting Reagents · University of Marburg · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Lipid-based transfection reagents for BHK-21 cells were replaced by electroporation due to low transfection efficiency and transfection-induced cytotoxicity.

Novel Cas orthologs from natural reservoirs and design of a directed evolution approach in mammalian cells to enhance their editing potential · University of Trento · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected PEI-mediated transfection and electroporation for organoid CRISPR delivery due to extreme toxicity and <1% survival efficiency, adopting lentiviral transduction instead.

Genetic screens in intestinal organoid (mini-gut) culture using CRISPR-Cas-9 System and studying the role of FBXL5 in colorectal cancer cells · Nottingham · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected lipid/liposome-based transfection (e.g., FuGENE, Lipofectamine) for delivering CRISPR components into HUVECs due to high cytotoxicity, cytoplasmic nucleic acid degradation, and low efficiency compared to electroporation.

Dynamics of cytokine induced E-selectin expression in endothelial cells · Nottingham · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Transient PEI transfection for long-term (>6 hr) or chronic drug treatments was discontinued due to transfection reagent-induced cytotoxicity after 72 hours.

MAPPING AND SPATIAL MONITORING OF THE DNA DAMAGE SIGNALING NETWORK USING MASS SPECTROMETRY · Cornell · PhD

Engineered synthetic nanocarriers and novel formulations underperforming standard transfection reagents

10 theses · 7 institutions

Novel polymeric nanoparticles, permanently charged lipids, and functionalized chitosan complexes frequently fail to match the transfection yields of benchmark commercial reagents like Lipofectamine or manual PEI mixtures. In addition, modifications such as PEGylation often severely impair cellular uptake and inhibit endosomal escape.

Lost to a baseline

In vitro transfection in HepG2 cells showed PBAE 546 was significantly less effective than PBAE 447, despite 546 performing best for liver transfection in vivo.

Engineered Therapeutic Plasmids and Nanoparticle Delivery Vehicles for Targeted Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Sub-100 nm FNC nanoparticles achieved only 1/100 of the transfection yield of conventional manual pipet-mixed pDNA/PEI batches.

BOTTOM-UP ASSEMBLY OF SHELF-STABLE SUBMICRON DNA PARTICLES FOR MANUFACTURING OF LENTIVIRAL VECTORS · Johns Hopkins · Master's

Lost to a baseline

In vitro mRNA delivery with chitosan-IAA nanoparticles showed negligible GFP transfection compared to the Lipofectamine control.

Utilizing Combinatory Adjuvant-Loaded Chitosan-Derived Nanoparticles for a Joint SARS-CoV-2/Influenza Vaccine · Georgia Tech · PhD

Tried and failed

permanently charged cationic lipid substitution in nanoparticles applied to RNA delivery formulations. Outcome: worse than baseline. Reason: produced significantly lower transfection expression compared to degradable ionizable lipid benchmarks

Development of Chemically-Defined Platform Materials for Localized Delivery of RNA Therapeutics · MIT · PhD

Lost to a baseline

K-NDs exhibited suboptimal transfection efficiency compared to Lipofectamine control due to endo-lysosomal entrapment.

Amino acid functionalized nanodiamonds as nucleic acid delivery vectors: synthesis and optimization of histidine-modified nanodiamonds, biological interaction studies and utilization for nucleic acid therapeutics · Saskatchewan · PhD

Tried and failed

imidazole-functionalized chitosan nanoparticle delivery applied to in vitro mRNA transfection. Outcome: no signal. Reason: nanoparticles failed to transfect mRNA into mammalian cells compared to standard lipid transfection reagents

Utilizing Combinatory Adjuvant-Loaded Chitosan-Derived Nanoparticles for a Joint SARS-CoV-2/Influenza Vaccine · Georgia Tech · PhD

Tried and failed

PEGylation of cationic lipid and polymer nanoparticles applied to in vitro dendritic cell mRNA transfection. Outcome: worse than baseline. Reason: PEGylation severely reduced or abolished cellular uptake and mRNA transfection efficiency

Mesoporous Silica Rods Scaffolds for the generation of adaptive immune responses · Harvard · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Lipofectamine 3000 achieved higher transfection in HEK293 cells compared to PEGylated chitosan nanocomplexes (which suffered from PEG shielding effects)

Development of non-viral systems for pulmonary nucleic acid delivery and gene editing · UT Austin · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Lipofectamine 3000 achieved robust in vitro eGFP transfection whereas Alginate-b-PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles showed zero expression even at 4X mRNA dose.

Polymer mosaics for modulation of hydrogel structure · Boston University · PhD

Lost to a baseline

At short 1-hour in vitro incubation, bulk-mixed nanoparticles had higher transfection efficiency than FNC or TFF nanoparticles due to faster sedimentation of larger particles.

Scalable Production of Polymer/Plasmid DNA Nanoparticles for Non-Viral Gene Delivery · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Lost to a baseline

AAV2/9-PHP-B positive control showed robust and consistent hair cell transduction whereas PBAE (100 nm) showed inconsistent transfection and hair bundle damage

DEVELOPING TOOLS TO TARGET COCHLEAR HAIR CELLS · Johns Hopkins · Master's

High expression heterogeneity and transient signal decay favoring stable integration or viral delivery

10 theses · 8 institutions

Transient transfection frequently introduces severe inter-cell variability, high replicate variation, and copy number noise that degrade dynamic range and assay reproducibility. Consequently, studies repeatedly reject transient plasmid delivery in favor of stable genomic integration or viral transduction to secure reliable long-term expression.

Lost to a baseline

Transient cDNA transfection of NMDARs in HEK cells achieved a lower recording success rate (34.1%, 28/82) compared to stably expressing GABA_A receptor cell lines (60.8%, 31/51, p = 0.0039).

Towards automation of multimodal cellular electrophysiology · Georgia Tech · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected relying solely on transient transfections for efflux and viability assays due to confounding variation between experimental replicates, choosing stable lentiviral infections instead.

Regulation of manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 for maintaining manganese homeostasis · UT Austin · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Transient transfection was rejected in favor of stable lentiviral transduction due to cell-line longevity requirements.

A bump and hole approach to the development of selective degrons · Oxford · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected transient transfection/transduction for in vitro differentiation assays due to phenotypic variability from low efficiency; adopted stable G418 selection and clonal isolation instead

Long noncoding RNA Meg3 regulates myoblast plasticity and skeletal muscle regeneration · Boston University · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Transient transfection approach for adding new variants was rejected for large-scale library expansion due to the impracticality of creating individual cell lines and combining viruses array-by-array.

Multiplexed, High-Throughput Serum Assays Using Lentivirus Display to Analyze Antibody Responses · MIT · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Abandoned transient transfection and mixed stable populations for CASE-Gs assays due to undetectable dynamic range

The molecular basis of Gs protein efficacy at the b2- adrenoceptor · Nottingham · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected transient transfection of HEK-Blue cells with GCN4-TIR plasmids due to construct-independent cell death and inconsistent signaling, switching to stable Flp-In T-REx HEK-293 cell lines with inducible expression

Investigating the Structure-Function Relationships Between Flagellins and Toll-Like Receptor 5 · Tübingen · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Avoided transient transfection for locus proteomics due to inter-cell expression heterogeneity.

Advancing Locus-specific Chromatin Isolation Methods for Multi-omic Discoveries · University of Washington · Doctorate

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected transient transfection for large-scale Fzd production due to low yield (~60% efficiency) and costly DNA requirements, switching to inducible lentiviral stable cell lines.

Structural analysis of Wnt signalling pathways · Oxford · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected transient transfection and lentiviral reporter delivery in favor of CRISPR Cas9-mediated targeted genomic integration at AAVS1 to avoid copy-number noise across large pools.

A Nascent Peptide Code for Translational Control of mRNA Stability in Human Cells · University of Washington · Doctorate

Alternative physical and microfluidic delivery platforms failing to match conventional benchmarks

9 theses · 7 institutions

Microfluidic constriction devices, on-chip electroporation systems, piezoelectric dispensers, and nanoneedle arrays frequently underperform established cuvette electroporation or optimized chemical protocols. Issues such as cell size heterogeneity and incomplete membrane permeabilization restrict the transfection efficiency of these alternative physical platforms.

Lost to a baseline

Convective microfluidic transfection of large multicistronic CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids into iPSCs performed no better than standard Lipofectamine Stem (<1% efficiency).

Microfluidic Cell Processing for Personalized and Regenerative Medicine · Georgia Tech · PhD

Lost to a baseline

ZsGreen plasmid transfection on-chip with 0.5 ms PW yielded 0% efficiency compared to 7% transfection on conventional Eppendorf cuvette electroporation

EXPANDING VORTEX TRAPPING AND ELECTROPORATION CAPABILITIES TO SMALL CELLS · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Polymer substrate laser-based transfection achieved only up to 20% efficiency for 150 kDa dextrans and 9% for siRNA with ~60% viability, performing worse than gold nanoparticles or plasmonic pyramids.

Visualization and manipulation of repair and regeneration in biological systems using light · Leibniz Universität Hannover · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) achieved only 20.56% transfection efficiency in PCFs compared to 52.24% with electroporation.

Etablierung eines optogenetischen Systems zur lichtinduzierten Proteinbiosynthese in humane Stammzellen für therapeutische Anwendungen · Leibniz Universität Hannover · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Electroporation yielded slightly higher transfection percentage in primary human T cells than B10 LNPs

Ionizable lipid nanoparticles for mRNA CAR T cell engineering · Penn · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Liposomal transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 yielded lower transfection efficiency compared to electroporation in GH4C1 cells

Understanding somatic activating ESR1 mutation's role in the tumorigenesis of prolactinomas · Boston University · Master's

Lost to a baseline

pGFP transfection efficiency using 20 μm and 30 μm piezoelectric heads reached only ~1.0-1.1%, severely underperforming Neon NxT electroporation which achieved 78.8%.

Exploring the cellular response to acute mechanical force for intracellular delivery and cell therapy applications · Imperial · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Nucleofection efficiency in HEK293T (37%–38.6%) was lower than PEIMax chemical transfection (up to 76%).

AAV TRANSDUCTION TRACING IN HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS BY TARGETED SCARRING OF GENOMIC SAFE HARBORS · Harvard · Master's

Lost to a baseline

Flat surface-mediated transfection of mEPDCs yielded higher net efficiencies than nanoneedles (nN)

Genetic enhancement of epicardial paracrine signalling for cardiac regeneration · Imperial · PhD

Tried and failed

convective microfluidic constriction cell transfection applied to large plasmid delivery to iPSCs. Outcome: worse than baseline. Reason: substantial cell size heterogeneity prevented uniform mechanical constriction and membrane permeabilization

Microfluidic Cell Processing for Personalized and Regenerative Medicine · Georgia Tech · PhD

Ineffective multi plasmid cotransfection and complex construct architectures reducing expression or titer

8 theses · 6 institutions

Strategies requiring simultaneous multi-plasmid cotransfection, split-gene architectures, or perfusion delivery often suffer from construct imbalances and plasmid washout. Furthermore, introducing complex structural sequence elements or truncated chains frequently results in undetectable protein expression and suppressed viral packaging titers.

Tried and failed

dual-promoter transient plasmid transfection applied to recombinant antibody expression in mammalian cells. Outcome: no signal. Reason: no detectable protein expression observed in cell supernatant post-transfection

Towards the decentralized manufacturing of multi-domain proteins · Imperial · PhD

Tried and failed

recombinant Fab expression via truncated heavy chain cotransfection applied to monoclonal antibody Fab fragment production. Outcome: no signal. Reason: truncated heavy chain failed to yield functional Fab expression, requiring proteolytic digestion of full-length IgG instead

EXPLORING ANTIBODY-VIRUS INTERACTIONS: FROM DEFINING REPERTOIRES TO RECEPTOR CHARACTERIZATION. · Cornell · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected transient transfection for expressing catalytically dead SMG1 due to low transfection efficiency (4–6% BFP-positive cells) and inability to rescue expression.

Protein Degradation Pathways Associated with Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay · Harvard · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Co-transfection of eGFP-Rab33b variants with mCherry-LC3B (or eGFP-LC3B with mCherry-Rab33b) in U-2 OS cells was rejected due to low transfection efficiency and weak mCherry fluorescence intensity.

Towards a molecular understanding of the role of Rab33B in hereditary skeletal dysplasia · University College Dublin · PhD

Lost to a baseline

In HSMCs, F1 and F2 Spike constructs without supporting sequences yielded significantly higher transfection efficiency and Spike MFI than constructs containing CpG rich region or NIS additions.

Investigating the interplay of protein expression and innate immunity on nucleic acid vaccine potency · Imperial · PhD

Tried and failed

continuous perfusion transfection without incubation or dosage scaling applied to viral vector production. Outcome: worse than baseline. Reason: perfusion washed out plasmids before uptake and unscaled dosing failed to match cell density

Systems Engineering for Viral Vector Manufacturing · MIT · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Double plasmid transfection (pDGM-PHP.B) yielded lower viral titer (1.37*10^11 VG/mL) than triple plasmid transfection (4.14*10^11 VG/mL).

Synaptic Transmission in the Inner Ear between Basic Research and Gene Therapy · Tübingen · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Dual/triple AAV split-gene co-transfection strategies (recombination/trans-splicing) for large genes like BLM were rejected in favor of engineered miniaturized proteins due to lower overall transduction and expression efficiency.

Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors as a Platform for Understanding and Modifying Aging-Related Disease · Harvard · PhD

Naked unformulated or degraded nucleic acid cargo failing to achieve functional delivery

7 theses · 5 institutions

Delivery of unformulated mRNA, GalNAc conjugates, and single-stranded DNA often results in negligible translation, lack of reporter signal, or complete absence of gene editing. Additionally, suspension transfection and unpreserved aqueous nucleic acids experience rapid loss of activity and fail to produce significant target knockdown.

Lost to a baseline

Freshly prepared DNA-P-S had slightly lower initial transfection efficiency compared to freshly prepared unmodified DNA-P

Surface modification of biomolecules for catalysis and delivery applications · Imperial · Doctorate

Lost to a baseline

Conventional suspension transfection yielded no significant knockdown at any timepoint compared to control, losing to substrate-mediated coating transfection.

Lokales Gen-Silencing durch siRNA-haltige Beschichtungen in Ea.hy926 · Tübingen · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Transient transfection with plasmid DNA was rejected/abandoned in favor of in vitro transcribed mRNA transfection after struggling for over a year to introduce genes into the model cell line.

SARS-CoV-2 targets NKG2D ligands to evade natural killer cell-mediated immunity · Harvard · Master's

Tried and failed

plasmid transfection of mammalian cells applied to CHO cell line. Outcome: no signal. Reason: Transfection at specified plasmid amount yielded no detectable fluorescent reporter expression

Glycoengineering and mass spectrometry for the improvement of biopharmaceuticals · Imperial · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Single-stranded cssDNA transfection (~45%) was lower in transfection efficiency than double-stranded plasmid DNA equivalents in GBM22 cells.

Engineering M13 Bacteriophage Nanoplatforms for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications · MIT · PhD

Tried and failed

direct transfection of naked mRNA applied to epithelial cell lines. Outcome: no signal. Reason: naked mRNA transfection yielded negligible translation compared to vector-formulated delivery across cell types

Investigating the potential of modified messenger RNA for epithelial repair in the lung · Imperial · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Aqueous DNA-P lost all detectable transfection activity within 8 weeks of room temperature storage, whereas DNA-P-S retained transfection efficacy

Surface modification of biomolecules for catalysis and delivery applications · Imperial · Doctorate

Lost to a baseline

GalNAc-mediated naked transfection yielded 0% indel formation compared to 17–27% indel frequency achieved by lipofectamine CRISPRMAX

Bioconjugation strategies for oligonucleotide functionalisation · Oxford · PhD

Left open by the authors

Problems the authors named and did not get to.

Left open

Predict the behavior of chromosomally integrated genetic systems directly using transient poly-transfection or co-transfection data. Blocker: Requires experimental wet lab generation of paired transient transfection and chromosomally integrated cell line data.

Artificial neural network and precision genome engineering frameworks for genetic system engineering in mammalian cells · MIT · PhD

Left open

Assess mRNA transcript stability across time points post-transfection using RT-qPCR. Blocker: Requires a wet lab, cell culture, transfection protocols, and RT-qPCR equipment and reagents

Investigating the potential of modified messenger RNA for epithelial repair in the lung · Imperial · PhD

Left open

Transition ProKAS from transient transfection to stable genomic integration across various cancer and untransformed cell lines to extend assay duration. Blocker: Requires wet-lab molecular biology facilities, cell culture, and genomic engineering tools.

MAPPING AND SPATIAL MONITORING OF THE DNA DAMAGE SIGNALING NETWORK USING MASS SPECTROMETRY · Cornell · PhD

Left open

Optimize transfection and electroporation protocols to establish a functional dTAG system for FOXA1 in cell lines like HEK293T. Blocker: Requires a wet biology lab, cell culture facilities, and transfection/lentiviral reagents.

Toward High-throughput, Quantitative Platforms to Identify the Targets of Small Molecules · MIT · PhD

Left open

Implement and validate a four-plasmid transfection strategy to decouple Rep and VP expression in viral vector manufacturing. Blocker: Requires wet lab facilities for plasmid transfection, cell culture, and viral vector yield quantification.

Systems Engineering for Viral Vector Manufacturing · MIT · PhD

Left open

Test whether TFEB silencing or RagC (S75L) overexpression suppresses proliferation in breast cancer cell lines. Blocker: Requires a wet lab, cell cultures (breast cancer cell lines), and lentiviral transfection experiments

Silencing TFEB Suppresses Mammary Gland Acini Development and Proliferation · UT Austin

Left open

Test alternative mtDNA direct transfection strategies with 100 µg/ml CAP concentration and a two-month selection period. Blocker: Requires wet-lab experiments with cell culture, mtDNA transfection, and chemical selection

TOWARDS MITOCHONDRIAL DNA MODIFICATION AND INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR ETIOLOGY OF THE INDUCED HETEROPLASMIC MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIANTS · Cornell · PhD

Left open

Optimize cell selection and culture conditions to increase recombinant Lubricin-Inspired Product yield from 0.01 g/L toward typical antibody titers. Blocker: Requires wet-lab mammalian cell culture facilities, transfection reagents, and protein quantification assays.

LUBRICIN IN POST-TRAUMATIC OSTEOARTHRITIS, FROM NATURALLY OCCURRING DISEASE TO RECOMBINANT THERAPEUTICS · Cornell · PhD

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