Library · Causal inference & statistics

What Bootstrap Resampling & Permutation got wrong, from 70 theses

Summary written by a model from the records below: The records document practical breakdowns and methodological limitations encountered when applying bootstrap resampling and permutation testing across diverse statistical problems. Across these settings, resampling strategies frequently suffer from coverage failures, computational bottlenecks, boundary inconsistencies, power loss, dependence violations, and numerical divergence. These records come from graduate theses, 2021 to 2026, each labeled with its degree where the repository states it, and each links to its thesis. They were extracted by language models reading the full text, so treat each as a lead to read, not a verdict.

70
theses
25
institutions
74
failure records
6
failure modes

Plus 9 problems the authors left open, listed at the end.

Failure modes, by theses reporting them

Select a mode to jump to its records.

Bootstrap intervals and variance estimators exhibit undercoverage or inaccurate dispersion estimates
21
21 theses · 13 institutions · 21 records
Permutation and bootstrap routines incur prohibitive computational overhead
9
9 theses · 8 institutions · 10 records
Resampling schemes become statistically inconsistent near parameter boundaries and non-smooth metrics
11
11 theses · 6 institutions · 12 records
Permutation and resampling tests suffer from low power and distorted null distributions
11
11 theses · 9 institutions · 11 records
Unstructured resampling breaks down under temporal, spatial, or network dependence
10
10 theses · 9 institutions · 10 records
Resample generation causes numerical instability, singular designs, and optimization divergence
10
10 theses · 6 institutions · 10 records

Bootstrap intervals and variance estimators exhibit undercoverage or inaccurate dispersion estimates

21 theses · 13 institutions

Resampling techniques frequently underestimate true parameter variance or produce confidence intervals that fail nominal coverage rates in small samples and high-dimensional settings. In other evaluations, bootstrap variance estimators generate excessively wide intervals, over-correct estimation bias, or perform worse than analytical and cross-fitting baselines.

Tried and failed

pair and residual bootstrap applied to high-dimensional linear regression. Reason: consistently underestimates true parameter variance in overparametrized regimes even with optimal regularization

Theoretical characterization of uncertainty in high-dimensional machine learning · EPFL · PhD

Tried and failed

weighted likelihood bootstrap applied to normal mean posterior estimation. Outcome: did not generalise. Reason: produced non-normal posterior samples with variance independent of the observation noise scale

Objective Bootstrap Posterior distributions · UT Austin · PhD

Tried and failed

Discrete bootstrap resampling applied to continuous treatment effect estimation. Outcome: data insufficient. Reason: Poor support of continuous exposure in small samples

Causal Inference Methods To Evaluate Health Policies With Spillover · Penn · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Calibration-bootstrap method showed worse coverage accuracy (over-coverage on lower bounds, under-coverage on upper bounds) compared to predictive-distribution methods under heavy censoring

Prediction interval methods for reliability data · Iowa State · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Under large variance differences (σ2^2 = 2), Student's t-bootstrap CI width was substantially wider (AW 248.07) than asymptotic CI (AW 98.92) at sample sizes n1=n2=10.

Statistical methods and analysis with real-life data · University of Regina · Master's

Lost to a baseline

Linear regression selective MSE: bootstrap methods (Doubt-Var/Int) were beaten by standard PlugIn-REG and cross-fitting baselines.

Topics in Selective Prediction · Scuola Normale Superiore · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected fully parametric bootstrap for MSE estimation under informative sampling because it requires postulating a full distribution for survey weights rather than just sample moments.

Small area prediction problems under informative sampling and handling non-monotone missing data using a graphical approach · Iowa State · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Bootstrapping with replacement for confidence intervals, rejected because it produces confidence intervals systematically biased below upper bounds

Boundary line methodology for yield gap analysis of farm systems · Nottingham · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected recommending adapted bootstrap for binary/proportion risk difference outcomes due to inflated Type I error (recommending cluster bootstrap instead).

An Adapted Bootstrap for Trials that Enroll until a Fixed Number of Events Are Observed: Application to the TREAT PARENTS Trial · Johns Hopkins · Master's

Tried and failed

nonparametric bootstrap rank confidence intervals applied to sparse multi-environment trial rankings. Outcome: did not generalise. Reason: Uniform interaction distributions degraded coverage under severe subsampling compared to bell-shaped distributions

Accounting for rank uncertainty in decision making for plant breeding · Iowa State · PhD

Tried and failed

wild bootstrap for nearest neighbor matching estimators applied to confidence interval estimation in high overlap. Reason: produced severe undercoverage and underestimated confidence interval width in nearest-neighbor matching

Causal Inference Methods for High-Resolution Data: Methodological Innovations for Estimating Treatment Effects in Complex Data Structures · Harvard · PhD

Tried and failed

bootstrap neural network ensemble for uncertainty quantification applied to trajectory prediction and control prediction intervals. Outcome: did not generalise. Reason: severe under-coverage resulting in extreme coverage width-based penalties

Scientific Machine Learning for Engineering Systems: Optimal Control, Prognostics, and Uncertainty Quantification · Virginia Tech · Doctorate

Tried and failed

bootstrap resampling on small sample sizes applied to side-channel leakage detection. Outcome: data insufficient. Reason: sample bias in restricted trace subsets failed to capture true statistical distribution peaks

Towards Comprehensive Side-channel Resistant Embedded Systems · Virginia Tech · Doctorate

Tried and failed

bootstrap bias correction applied to small area MSE estimation. Reason: standard bootstrap adjustment produced an over-correction of the estimation bias

Small area estimation and graphical model for complex surveys · Iowa State · PhD

Lost to a baseline

FQE (Bootstrap) produced tighter confidence intervals than BONDIC on Inverted-Pendulum, though it failed the nominal coverage rate across trials

Efficient and safe off-policy evaluation : from point estimation to interval estimation · UT Austin · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Percentile bootstrap CI coverage for A1,2 in high overlap (82.8%) was lower than chi-square-based intervals (90.3%).

New methods in home-range overlap and clustering · Iowa State · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Percentile and Wald bootstrap CI coverage drops below nominal 95% (to ~88-90%) under large sensitivity parameter values (α = 0.6) compared to smaller α values.

Estimation of Treatment Effects in the Presence of Irregular Assessment Times, Informative Missingness After ICU Discharge, and Interference · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Non-parametric biodiversity estimators (Chao1, Chao2, Jackknife, bootstrapping) rejected for biogeographic datasets where surveyed plot area is small (<2%) and rare species are largely unobserved.

Feature selection by Information Imbalance optimization: Clinics, molecular modeling and ecology · SISSA · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected non-parametric bootstrap for CI calculation because sample mean understates true r^2_ER

The estimation and explanation of tuning curves in intermediate visual areas · University of Washington · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected using bootstrapping for confidence interval calculation on manually measured bed thicknesses due to small sample sizes (N <= 8), using standard error instead.

The regional sedimentary record of Arabia Terra, Mars. · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected test-inversion family bootstrapping methods because they cannot be used on non-parametric resampling.

Effect Sizes for Equivalence Testing: Incorporating the Equivalence Interval · York University · Master's

Permutation and bootstrap routines incur prohibitive computational overhead

9 theses · 8 institutions

Evaluating empirical null distributions or generating standard errors through repeated retraining creates severe computational bottlenecks on large cohorts and complex models. Consequently, researchers frequently reject full permutation or bootstrap schemes in favor of analytic approximations, moment-matching bounds, or precomputed distributions.

Tried and failed

Permutation-based pointwise contrast testing applied to functional data analysis contrasts. Outcome: too slow. Reason: Excessive computation time and conservative empirical test sizes

Functional Data Models for Raman Spectral Data and Degradation Analysis · Virginia Tech · Doctorate

Tried and failed

phylogenetic bootstrap inference on high-missingness sequence alignments applied to large reduced-representation genomic datasets. Outcome: too slow. Reason: bootstrapping datasets with 60% or 70% missing data was computationally intractable

A phylogenomics and population genomics study of the robust capuchin monkey (Sapajus) radiation : first genus-wide analyses of admixture and species boundaries in neotropical prima · UT Austin · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE) permutation testing for the 13,680-subject UK Biobank cohort due to excessive computational burden.

Advances in statistical methods for large-scale binary-valued neuroimaging data · Oxford · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected standard permutation testing across sample indices for large sample sizes in KMERF due to high computational overhead of retraining forests per permutation, choosing a chi-square test approximation instead.

Random Forest for Hypothesis Testing: Development and Application to Cancer Detection · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected non-parametric local moderated t-statistic in cluster-based permutation inference due to intractable computational burden (10 hours for 1000 permutations on 40 cores).

Bayesian Methods for Analyzing Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected using all possible permutations in DBFinder due to conservative FDR penalization in small sample sizes and computational cost, opting instead for balanced permutations.

Statistical Methods for Mobile Health and Genomics Data · Harvard · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected permutation-based surrogate data testing for high-dimensional spike-field matrices due to extreme computational expense with increasing recording dimensionality, replacing it with an analytical Marchenko-Pastur bound.

Brain as a Complex System, harnessing systems neuroscience tools & notions for an empirical approach · Tübingen · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected random shuffling permutation for feature sensitivity due to excessive computational overhead from multiple shuffle iterations.

Fairness specification and repair for machine learning pipeline · Iowa State · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected standard permutation testing of retraining entire classifiers for thousands of iterations in MIGHT due to extreme computational inefficiency, adopting two-forest tree swapping instead.

Random Forest for Hypothesis Testing: Development and Application to Cancer Detection · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected running JLIM null distributions separately for each individual cell in scJLIM due to prohibitive computational expense; replaced with a single precomputed null distribution of N=100,000 permutations shared across cells

Computational methods for dissecting multicellular mechanisms of complex diseases · MIT · PhD

Resampling schemes become statistically inconsistent near parameter boundaries and non-smooth metrics

11 theses · 6 institutions

Standard bootstrap methods break down when applied to directional derivatives in optimal transport distances, parameter boundaries, or post-selection estimators such as the LASSO. Under these non-regular conditions, empirical resamples exhibit covariance drift, over-reject significance levels, or fail asymptotic consistency.

Tried and failed

naive two-sample bootstrap for Wasserstein distance applied to two-sample hypothesis testing. Reason: inconsistent for null limit distribution due to extra covariance drift, requiring pooled distribution resampling

Robust and Geometry-Aware Machine Learning Using Optimal Transport · Cornell · PhD

Tried and failed

standard bootstrap confidence intervals applied to constrained maximum likelihood estimation. Reason: finite samples frequently contained zero false negatives causing boundary issues

Essays on Data Science: Computational Measurement for Learning and Teaching · Harvard · PhD

Tried and failed

m-out-of-n subsampling and bootstrap inference applied to optimal transport inference. Reason: exhibited poor size control, over-rejecting significance levels and requiring impractically large sample sizes to converge

Essays on the US Mortgage Market · Harvard · PhD

Tried and failed

naive empirical bootstrap applied to sliced Wasserstein distance hypothesis testing. Reason: inconsistent when the set of optimal potentials is non-unique under the alternative hypothesis

Statistical Inference for Regularized Optimal Transport · Cornell · PhD

Tried and failed

standard nonparametric bootstrap applied to empirical max-sliced Wasserstein distance. Reason: non-linear directional Hadamard derivatives cause bootstrap inconsistency

Statistical Inference for Regularized Optimal Transport · Cornell · PhD

Tried and failed

random rotation bootstrap on spherical point patterns applied to cross summary statistics null envelopes. Reason: replicates collapse to zero variance at maximum spherical distance pi due to geometric constraints

Analysis of spatial point patterns on surfaces · Imperial · PhD

Tried and failed

standard nonparametric bootstrap applied to max-sliced Wasserstein and Gromov-Wasserstein distances. Reason: nonlinearity of the directional derivative makes the bootstrap statistically inconsistent

Computational and Statistical Properties of Optimal Transport-Based Distances · Cornell · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Residual bootstrap for variance estimation in bounded Tobit longitudinal data was rejected in favor of random weighting due to repeated sampling of extreme boundary values.

Statistical Models for Identification of Treatment-sensitive Subgroups Based on Longitudinal Outcomes in Clinical Trials · Queen's University · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected using standard multinomial bootstrap for inference on simplex-boundary parameters due to asymptotic failure.

Measurement Error in Microbiome Sequencing Experiments: Statistical and Scientific Considerations · University of Washington · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected re-fitting the propensity score using post-LASSO within each bootstrap resample because bootstrap is inconsistent for LASSO estimators.

Propensity Score Methods For Causal Subgroup Analysis · Duke · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected bias correction in the parametric bootstrap for selection coefficient confidence intervals due to optimization instability when s is near zero.

Statistical Inference Using Identity-by-Descent Segments: Perspectives on Recent Positive Selection · University of Washington · PhD

Tried and failed

Wald and bootstrap interval estimators applied to constrained network parameters under RDS. Reason: Failed to achieve valid nominal coverage, producing under 50% coverage for bounded partnership probability parameters

Statistical Methods for Sparse Network Data and Mechanistic Models of Infectious Disease: Latent Space and Likelihood-Free Inference · Harvard · PhD

Permutation and resampling tests suffer from low power and distorted null distributions

11 theses · 9 institutions

Permutation and bootstrap hypothesis tests often exhibit lower statistical power than parametric baselines and struggle to control false discovery rates in small or skewed samples. Furthermore, permutation tests cannot easily adjust for confounding covariates and backward permutation rankings can invert predictor importance.

Lost to a baseline

The multivariate JA test with wild bootstrap exhibits lower empirical power under heteroskedasticity than under Gaussian or t(5) error distributions.

Three Essays in Econometrics · Carleton University · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Pivotal bootstrap testing has lower statistical power compared to oracle Gaussian testing under identical sample sizes.

TOPICS IN MODERN REGRESSION MODELING · Cornell · PhD

Tried and failed

exact permutation testing for differential region detection applied to small sample genomic data. Outcome: no signal. Reason: extreme group swap permutations skewed the null false discovery rate distribution in small samples

Statistical Methods for Mobile Health and Genomics Data · Harvard · PhD

Tried and failed

variance stabilization with permutation testing applied to differential ChIP-seq signal detection. Reason: elevated false discovery rate when detecting weak induced effect sizes

Quantitative analysis of ChIP-seq signals and transcriptomes · Georgia Tech · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Sim-5 (classification permutation test comparison): Classification permutation test using random forests (package cpt) achieved substantially lower power to detect mean shifts across δ than GFKS-1, GFKS-2, adjusted KS, and adjusted t-tests.

Contributions To Multivariate Matching In Observational Studies · Penn · PhD

Lost to a baseline

PGLS was completely outperformed by standard DESeq2 due to non-normal count distributions, resulting in 90-100% false discovery rates under permutation

Macroevolution of Gene Expression in Passerine Birds · Harvard · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected permutation tests (pre-network datastream permutations) in favor of parametric regression GLMMs because permutations do not control effect sizes for confounds.

Individual Factors Predicting the Disappearance and Reproductive Success of Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) · York University · Master's

Tried and failed

bootstrap inclusion probabilities for sparse regression selection applied to governing equation discovery from time series. Outcome: no signal. Reason: inclusion probabilities failed to clearly separate true model terms from false positives

Parameter estimation and inference for nonlinear dynamical systems · Cornell · PhD

Lost to a baseline

In small sample and unbalanced strata settings (n10 < 10), the Louis estimator with fixed weight (q0=0.7) exhibited slightly higher power than the bootstrapped optimal-weight estimator.

Assessing treatment benefit in the presence of placebo response using the Sequential Parallel Comparison Design · Boston University · PhD

Tried and failed

backward permutation feature importance applied to ensemble postprocessing neural networks. Reason: produced inverted, unphysical predictor rankings conflicting with forward permutation tests

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Numerical Weather Prediction to Build Custom Smart Home Software · Texas Tech · PhD

Lost to a baseline

Under Gaussian distributions, all rank-based distance covariance tests (Wilcoxon scores and normal scores) and permutation tests were uniformly outperformed by the parametric Gaussian Likelihood Ratio Test.

Distribution-Free Consistent Tests of Independence via Marginal and Multivariate Ranks · University of Washington · PhD

Unstructured resampling breaks down under temporal, spatial, or network dependence

10 theses · 9 institutions

Naive permutation and independent bootstrap resampling violate exchangeability assumptions when applied to time series, spatial coordinates, or network structures. These failures lead to broken temporal autocorrelations, severely underestimated standard errors under network dependence, and inflated Type I error rates.

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected standard permutation testing due to non-exchangeability of correlated error structures and severe computational burden, opting instead for residual projection and Pearson type III moment-matching approximations

Generalization of kernel machine methods for association testing of multi-omics data · University of Washington · PhD

Tried and failed

moving block bootstrap with self-normalization statistic applied to GARCH time series mean hypothesis testing. Outcome: worse than baseline. Reason: failed to improve coverage accuracy and degraded performance under several GARCH(1,1) conditions

A NEW APPROACH TO SELF-NORMALIZATION & BANK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS USING MULTI-TASK GAUSSIAN PROCESS MODEL · Cornell · PhD

Tried and failed

unit-level bootstrap variance estimation applied to bipartite network causal inference. Reason: outcome-level resampling fails to account for network dependence across intervention units, severely underestimating standard errors

Interpretable random structure for non-standard data with applications to biomedical and social science studies · UT Austin · PhD

Tried and failed

multi-criteria constrained bootstrap resampling applied to multivariate time series generation. Outcome: did not converge. Reason: insufficient pool of coupled multivariate historical data to satisfy all constraints simultaneously

Future Changes in Dynamics of Extreme Precipitation and Dry Periods in the Swiss Alps and Consequences for Hydropower Production · EPFL · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Standard/basic bootstrap rejected for time-series panel data in favor of block bootstrap because standard bootstrap fails to capture time-dependence structure.

Educational Disparities in Chronic Pain and Life Expectancy: Gaps and Pathways · University at Buffalo · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Discrete bootstrapping across independent observations, rejected due to poor support of the continuous exposure and failure to respect spatiotemporal correlation

Advancing Data Science Methods for Environmental Health Policy Design and Evaluation · Harvard · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Bootstrap confidence interval methods (Moving Block / Semiparametric); rejected due to insufficient contiguous record lengths in sparse SWOT Cal/Val data.

Spatiotemporal tidal prediction and analysis through physics-informed machine learning · Oxford · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected standard SHAP and permutation explainability methods directly on raw temporal series because permuting individual time steps breaks temporal autocorrelations and trajectory dependencies.

Survival Analysis Using Machine Learning for Longitudinal, Multimodal, and High-dimensional Data for Applications in Cardiology · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Tried and failed

unstructured permutation testing of temporal labels applied to temporally imbalanced sequence data. Reason: temporal density imbalances across sample periods generated artificially inflated statistical significance

Studies in Bacterial Genome Dynamics · Harvard · PhD

Tried and failed

Empirical copula permutation tests for correlation homogeneity applied to Testing heterogeneous correlation structure. Reason: Failed to control Type I error under high overall sample correlation.

Testing for associations in a heterogeneous population · Texas Tech · PhD

Resample generation causes numerical instability, singular designs, and optimization divergence

10 theses · 6 institutions

Repeated sampling of discrete categories, bounded observations, or small clusters frequently produces empty cells, dropped covariate levels, and singular design matrices. These degenerate resamples lead to optimization divergence, blown-up standard errors, and negative variance estimates.

Tried and failed

bootstrap variance estimation after regression calibration applied to survival models with measurement error. Outcome: unstable. Reason: a significant fraction of bootstrap resamples produced extreme coefficient estimates, blowing up standard error

Statistical Approaches To Reducing Bias And Improving Variance Estimation In The Presence Of Covariate And Outcome Measurement Error · Penn · PhD

Tried and failed

Parametric bootstrap simulation of dispersion parameters applied to Laplace-approximated mixed-effects models. Outcome: did not converge. Reason: High variance in simulated parameters caused numerical divergence during iterative optimization

Methods for spatial hierarchical generalized linear mixed models · Iowa State · PhD

Tried and failed

parametric double bootstrap mean squared error estimation applied to small area estimation under non-linear models. Outcome: unstable. Reason: produced negative variance estimates preventing confidence interval construction

Small area prediction problems under informative sampling and handling non-monotone missing data using a graphical approach · Iowa State · PhD

Tried and failed

stratified cluster bootstrap sampling applied to complex survey-weighted longitudinal data. Outcome: unstable. Reason: produced unstable, biased, and asymmetric sampling distributions

Intimate Partner Violence and Dementia Risk: Challenges and Opportunities for Longitudinal Studies of Aging · Harvard · PhD

Lost to a baseline

DIRECT + Powell's method resulted in broader parameter estimate confidence intervals and produced large numbers of outliers on bootstrapped synthetic data compared to Baum-Welch (e.g., target detachment rate fell outside the entire outlier range).

Computational modeling of protein fluorosequencing · UT Austin · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Decided against non-parametric bootstrapping for calculating mediation indirect effects due to convergence failures and inflated error estimates

Identifying Mechanisms of Change in Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Substance Use Disorders (DBT-SUD): A Mixed Methods Examination of Mediators of Substance Use Reduction · University of Washington · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Rejected traditional resampling bootstrap because cells with many fixed effects became empty, choosing Dirichlet random weighting instead

Essays in Labor Economics · Johns Hopkins · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Decided against pair bootstrapping because resampling clusters causes covariates to lack variance/drop levels and results in varying sample sizes with small cluster counts.

Cluster wild bootstrapping to handle dependent effect sizes in meta-analysis with small number of studies · UT Austin · PhD

Tried and failed

adaptive ensemble kernels in bootstrap testing applied to nonlinear hypothesis testing. Outcome: unstable. Reason: adaptive estimation caused unstable test statistics and underestimated the alternative kernel compared to fixed alternatives

A Gaussian-process Framework for Nonlinear Statistical Inference using Modern Machine Learning Models · Harvard · PhD

Considered and rejected

Considered and rejected: Nonparametric pairs (x-y) bootstrap was rejected because it frequently yields singular design matrices during resampling in simulations.

Unified Framework For Post-Selection Inference · Penn · PhD

Left open by the authors

Problems the authors named and did not get to.

Left open

Extend iterated 2SLS outlier test statistics to non-normal reference distributions using Student-t and empirical bootstrap distributions. Blocker: None

Essays on outlier and break detection · Oxford · PhD

Left open

Derive the asymptotic distribution theory for sign-preserved spatially varying coefficient estimators to eliminate the need for bootstrap inference. Blocker: Requires advanced mathematical statistics theory rather than software engineering.

Generalized, quantile and constrained nonparametric regression for spatial data · Iowa State · PhD

Left open

Evaluate selection model extensions incorporating robust variance estimation and bootstrapping for dependent effect sizes in meta-analysis via simulation. Blocker: None

Evaluating selective reporting methods in meta-analysis : considering dependent effect sizes when estimating adjusted effect sizes · UT Austin · PhD

Left open

Prove that the exponentially tilted Bayesian bootstrap posterior is the noninformative limit of the Kitamura-Otsu formulation as base measure approaches zero. Blocker: None

Weighting and moment conditions in Bayesian inference · Cambridge · PhD

Left open

Implement a full bootstrap routine over the multi-step structural estimation procedure to compute standard errors accounting for earlier-stage estimation error. Blocker: Requires access to the thesis's specific empirical bidding datasets and estimation codebase.

Essays in Environmental and Healthcare Market Design · MIT · PhD

Left open

Extend the bootstrap aggregation (bagging) acquisition function procedure to fully Bayesian MCMC inference for Deep Gaussian Processes. Blocker: None

Physics-informed Machine Learning for Digital Twins of Metal Additive Manufacturing · Virginia Tech · Doctorate

Left open

Perform conformal bootstrap using mixed phi, s, t correlators at higher derivative truncation Lambda to determine the O(3) model fate in 2<d<3. Blocker: None

Explorations in two dimensional strongly correlated quantum matter: from exactly solvable models to conformal bootstrap · MIT · PhD

Left open

Implement Chung 2019 transposition permutations to reduce the permutation test cost for energy distance goodness-of-fit tests on manifolds. Blocker: None

Goodness of fit tests for object data · Texas Tech · PhD

Left open

Develop fast analytical approximations for small-sample (N < 20) distance correlation hypothesis testing to replace permutation tests. Blocker: None

Multiscale Statistical Hypothesis Testing for k-Sample Graph Inference · Johns Hopkins · Master's

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